Install MediaWiki on a secure, optimized stack with Nginx, MariaDB, and PHP on Ubuntu.

1. Install Nginx, MariaDB, and PHP:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx mariadb-server php php-fpm php-mbstring php-xml php-json php-mysql php-curl php-intl php-gd php-mbstring texlive imagemagick unzip -y

2. Configure MariaDB:

sudo mysql_secure_installation
sudo mysql -u root -p

Inside the MariaDB shell:

CREATE DATABASE wikidb;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wikidb.* TO 'wikiuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

3. Download and Configure MediaWiki:

cd /var/www/html
wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.31/mediawiki-1.31.0.tar.gz
tar xvf mediawiki-1.31.0.tar.gz
mv mediawiki-1.31.0 mediawiki
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/mediawiki

4. Configure Nginx: Create a new Nginx configuration file:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/wiki.conf

Add the following content:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name wiki.example.com;

    root /var/www/html/mediawiki;
    index index.php;

    error_log /var/log/nginx/mediawiki.error;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/mediawiki.access;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }
}

Test and restart Nginx:

sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl restart nginx

5. Secure with Let's Encrypt: Install Certbot:

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y

Obtain and install the SSL certificate:

sudo certbot --nginx -d wiki.example.com

6. Finalize MediaWiki Installation: Open your browser and navigate to http://wiki.example.com to complete the MediaWiki setup through the web interface.